CMY1501 May/Jun 2013 exam paper — questions
The paper, as written
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Every question, by topic
Question 1 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
South Africa has recently been moving away from prison sentences towards alternative forms of punishment. Which of the following is an example of such an alternative?Show the full question
Question 2 · Biological and psychological explanations · 1 mark
Concerning emotions, which one of the following statements is incorrect?Show the full question
Question 3 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
Which one of the following concepts was important in righting the wrongs of crime in pre-colonial Africa?Show the full question
Question 4 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
According to the power-control theory, to what are gender and social class differences in delinquency linked?Show the full question
Question 5 · Crime, deviance and crime statistics · 1 mark
Which term correctly completes the following statement: 'In _____ terms, only those acts that are punishable by the state are reckoned as crime'?Show the full question
Question 6 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
Which concept is described below: '_____ emphasizes external factors as causes of crime, and criminals are seen as victims of social conditions of which they have little control'?Show the full question
Question 7 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
Which of the following best describes process theories?Show the full question
Question 8 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
In relation to the positivist school of thought, identify the correct statement.Show the full question
Question 9 · Biological and psychological explanations · 1 mark
Intention consists of two elements, namely:Show the full question
Question 10 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
To which criminological school of thought does the following quotation relate: 'Economic and political discrimination are seen as the causes of crime'?Show the full question
Question 11 · Biological and psychological explanations · 1 mark
According to Sheldon's somatotypes, delinquent boys are mainly:Show the full question
Question 12 · Crime, deviance and crime statistics · 1 mark
Which term describes a relatively new criminological technique in which multiple advanced computational methods are used to analyse large datasets involving one or more data sources?Show the full question
Question 13 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
Which word correctly completes the following statement: 'Farrington identified factors that predict the _____ of criminal offences'?Show the full question
Question 14 · Biological and psychological explanations · 1 mark
Personality may best be defined as a:Show the full question
Question 15 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
With which criminological school of thought do you associate the name 'Turk'?Show the full question
Question 16 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
Tarde, Guerry and Quetelet were proponents of the social milieu school of thought. Two approaches may be distinguished within this school, namely the:Show the full question
Question 17 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
Which of the following is one of the basic premises of the classic theory?Show the full question
Question 18 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
Being psychologically present literally implies that children will:Show the full question
Question 19 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
Positivist criminology has dominated crime policy and prevention for decades but is now under criticism for its inability to reduce the level of crime. Which one of the following options represents an objection to positivist criminology?Show the full question
Question 20 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
Siegel and Welsh (2009) identified three parts of antisocial behaviour that, during the developmental process of a child, may lead to a delinquent career. What are these three parts, namely?Show the full question
Question 21 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
Pre-colonial Africa concerned itself mainly with:Show the full question
Question 22 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
Which one of the following social factors is NOT a contributory factor to the high crime rate among the youth?Show the full question
Question 23 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
Criminogenic risk factors are associated with criminal activities, such as:Show the full question
Question 24 · Crime, deviance and crime statistics · 1 mark
The term 'dark figure' refers to:Show the full question
Question 25 · Crime, deviance and crime statistics · 1 mark
Self-report items aim to:Show the full question
Question 26 · Offenders and specific types of criminal behaviour · 1 mark
Rational choice theory has its roots in the:Show the full question
Question 27 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
Which term refers to the dynamic, multidimensional process of being fully or partially excluded from the various social, economic, political or cultural systems which serve to assist the integration of a person in society?Show the full question
Question 28 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
Which one of the following is NOT a contributory factor to crime in South Africa?Show the full question
Question 29 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
Lack of self-control is often linked to:Show the full question
Question 30 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
Which group of theorists views the forces operating in run-down lower-class areas as the key determinants of criminal behaviour patterns?Show the full question
Question 31 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
Which of the following is associated with children's lack of internal inhibitions against offending?Show the full question
Question 32 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
According to research on social support, in order to prevent criminal behaviour, what should parents do?Show the full question
Question 33 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
As far as the functioning of the family is concerned, with what may criminal risk factors be associated?Show the full question
Question 34 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
Criminology is an applied discipline within the human sciences. What is its field of study?Show the full question
Question 35 · Crime, deviance and crime statistics · 1 mark
Criminal justice in South Africa is greatly influenced by which system(s) of law?Show the full question
Question 36 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
There are three separate but overlapping branches within the:Show the full question
Question 37 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
What do instrumental theories state?Show the full question
Question 38 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
According to Burton (2007), which of the following is one of the risk factors associated with violence among South African youth?Show the full question
Question 39 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
Parental neglect is often associated with:Show the full question
Question 40 · Biological and psychological explanations · 1 mark
Which one of the following is NOT an element of a cognitive component?Show the full question
Question 41 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
Which two schools/approaches to criminology stereotype female criminals as 'sick', implying that they need treatment and are psychologically disturbed?Show the full question
Question 42 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
What do consensus theories believe?Show the full question
Question 43 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
Historically, criminological theories have developed according to distinctive viewpoints. Choose the incorrect statement.Show the full question
Question 44 · Offenders and specific types of criminal behaviour · 1 mark
Violent people tend to have a certain characteristic that makes it difficult for them to come up with non-aggressive solutions to interpersonal conflicts and disputes. What is this characteristic?Show the full question
Question 45 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
What is determinism?Show the full question
Question 46 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
Which branch of criminology focuses especially on the rights and needs of crime victims, national crime prevention strategies, transnational and community-based policing, restorative justice and community-based punishments?Show the full question
Question 47 · Sociological explanations of crime · 1 mark
According to which theory could the traditionally lower crime rate for women be explained by their 'second class' economic and social position?Show the full question
Question 48 · Biological and psychological explanations · 1 mark
Cognitive processes play an important role in appraising available aims when designing a particular strategy. What does cognition involve?Show the full question
Question 49 · Risk factors and the development of offending · 1 mark
Children from broken homes where both parents are missing are normally involved in deviant activities such as:Show the full question
Question 50 · Criminology as a discipline · 1 mark
According to which view can people make choices about their behaviour, although these choices are influenced by genetic and environmental factors?Show the full question