CMY3702 Oct/Nov 2016 exam paper — questions

Free sample

  1. Question 1 · Organised crime · 1 mark

    Which of the following best captures the meaning of the term 'crime classification'? The options offered are: the categorisation of types of crimes in order to differentiate between crime data, crime statistics and legal definitions representative of criminal acts; the division or arrangement of crime data into segments representative of legal definitions of criminal acts, according to recorded crime statistics; the connection between types of crime in order to separate crime data, crime statistics and legal definitions representative of criminal acts; or the distribution or arrangement of crime data into precise classes based on the fact that data on certain crimes show distinct fundamental similarities.Show the full question

  2. Question 1 · Organised crime · 25 marks

    Name and explain the theoretical explanations that account for organised criminal behaviour.Show the full question

  3. Question 2 · Organised crime · 1 mark

    According to most international definitions, organised crime is characterised by which of the following: drug smuggling, blackmail, corporate structures, or corruption?Show the full question

  4. Question 2 · Prostitution · 25 marks

    Provide a discussion of prostitution as a crime within the South African context.Show the full question

  5. Question 3 · Organised crime · 1 mark

    Select the option that correctly identifies the primary objective of organised crime: economic gain, power and status, coercion and violence, or pervasive corruption.Show the full question

  6. Question 3 · Organised crime · 15 marks

    Discuss the various factors that contribute to organised crime in South Africa.Show the full question

  7. Question 4 · Conservation and environmental crime · 1 mark

    The theoretical explanation of conservation crime is built on a combination of existing theories. Identify the correct combination of theories from the following options: relative deprivation, general theory of crime, neutralisation and rational choice; rational choice, neutralisation, anomie and differential association; neutralisation, rational choice, deterrence and social learning; or rational choice, social learning, general theory of crime and neutralisation.Show the full question

  8. Question 4 · Conservation and environmental crime · 15 marks

    Discuss the illegal trade in endangered species.Show the full question

  9. Question 5 · Conservation and environmental crime · 1 mark

    Which term best describes crime that is directed at natural resources: environmental crime, ecological crime, conservation crime, or green crime?Show the full question

  10. Question 5 · Organised crime · 10 marks

    Identify and discuss the similarities that exist between organised crime and white collar crime.Show the full question

  11. Question 6 · Conservation and environmental crime · 1 mark

    Identify which form of pollution is regarded as one of the oldest environmental problems, usually attributed to urbanisation, industrialisation and waste disposal: air pollution, thermal pollution, water pollution, or noise pollution.Show the full question

  12. Question 6 · Prostitution · 10 marks

    Explain the connection between prostitution and other categories of crime, discussing how involvement in prostitution relates to or facilitates additional criminal activity.Show the full question

  13. Question 7 · White-collar and corporate crime · 1 mark

    Select the option that best describes one of the inherent requirements for committing white collar crime: impulsivity, premeditation, self control, or rationality.Show the full question

  14. Question 8 · Prostitution · 1 mark

    Which combination of features is identified in the definition of victimless crime: the absence of an illegal activity, the absence of harm and mutual agreement; the absence of a complainant, the absence of harm and voluntary participation; the absence of a complainant, the absence of harm and low visibility of the crime; or the absence of an illegal activity, low visibility of the crime and objection of the participant?Show the full question

  15. Question 9 · Conservation and environmental crime · 1 mark

    When a factory dumps hazardous waste into a river, which category of crime does this exemplify: corporate crime, occupational crime, labour offence, or environmental crime?Show the full question

  16. Question 10 · Organised crime · 1 mark

    Identify which of the following elements relate to public order crimes that differ from country to country: moral laws, codes and standards; different laws, codes and norms; different opinions, standards and regulations; or moral laws, codes, and different sanctions.Show the full question

  17. Question 11 · Prostitution · 1 mark

    Identify which determinant plays a major role in the practice of prostitution: the socio-psychological determinant, the cultural determinant, the social determinant, or the economic determinant.Show the full question

  18. Question 12 · White-collar and corporate crime · 1 mark

    According to Hirschi and Gottfredson, the explanation of white-collar crime rests on the assumption that human behaviour is motivated by which of the following: poor business ethics, learnt behaviour, self-interest, or moral decline?Show the full question

  19. Question 13 · Prostitution · 1 mark

    Which type of prostitute is most likely to be an impoverished representative of ethnic or racial minorities: brothel prostitutes, street walkers, skeezers, or bar girls?Show the full question

  20. Question 14 · White-collar and corporate crime · 1 mark

    Which combination of determinants can be attributed to white collar crime: decline in business ethics, temptation to steal money, and resourcefulness of offenders; temptation to steal money, decline in business ethics, and poor internal control; temptation to steal money, opportunity, and poverty; or temptation to steal money, decline in business ethics, and cultural norms?Show the full question

  21. Question 15 · White-collar and corporate crime · 1 mark

    Identify which set of examples correctly illustrates white collar crime: employee theft, embezzlement, violent behaviour and fraud; employee theft, insider trading, irregular audits and corporate fraud; employee theft, embezzlement, insider trading and corporate fraud; or employee theft, fraud, violent behaviour and tax fraud.Show the full question

  22. Question 16 · Organised crime · 1 mark

    Cash-in-transit robberies fall under which subcategory of crime: property-related crime, contact related crime, aggravated robbery, or common robbery?Show the full question

  23. Question 17 · Organised crime · 1 mark

    Which set of categories correctly reflects the Department of Correctional Services' classification of crime: violent and serious crimes, narcotics, economic and sexual crimes; economic, sexual, narcotics, aggressive and other crimes; sexual, violent, robbery, narcotics and other crimes; or robbery, sexual, serious contact, narcotics and economic crimes?Show the full question

  24. Question 18 · Organised crime · 1 mark

    According to Bartol and Bartol (2008:531), into which four categories are the major drug types grouped: hallucinogens, stimulants, opiate narcotics and anti-depressants; hallucinogens, stimulants, opiate narcotics and sedative hypnotics; stimulants, opiate narcotics, anti-depressants and psychedelic narcotics; or opiate narcotics, sedative hypnotics and psychedelic stimulants?Show the full question

  25. Question 19 · Organised crime · 1 mark

    According to Albanese (2008:509), which of the following correctly defines organised crime: the continuing criminal enterprise that rationally works to profit from illicit activities; the continuing structured collectivity of people who use criminality and violence to maintain power; a structured organisation with a willingness to corrupt to gain and maintain profit and power; or a highly structured association of people bound together to make large profits through illegal activities?Show the full question

  26. Question 20 · White-collar and corporate crime · 1 mark

    Which set of characteristics can be ascribed to the behaviour of corporate offenders: external locus of control, financial pressures and manipulation of others; external locus of control, low level of cognitive moral development and manipulation; intelligence quotient, moral argument and opportunity; or low level of cognitive moral development, manipulation and opportunity?Show the full question

  27. Question 21 · Conservation and environmental crime · 1 mark

    Which combination constitutes strategies for preventing and controlling the illegal trade in endangered species: effective legislation, international cooperation and education; education, effective legislation and psychological support to rural communities; education, effective legislation and interagency cooperation; or interagency cooperation, education and psychological support to rural communities?Show the full question

  28. Question 22 · Occupational crime · 1 mark

    Perceived unfairness in the workplace is the main reason for which of the following: embezzlement, corporate fraud, insider trading, or employee theft?Show the full question

  29. Question 23 · Organised crime · 1 mark

    Youths who continue using drugs and committing crime into adulthood share which set of characteristics: they performed poorly at school, have other family members involved in crime and experienced abuse and neglect; they come from poor families, performed poorly at school and had few opportunities in late adolescence; they performed poorly at school, have low IQ's and experienced abuse and neglect; or they have other family members involved in crime, have criminal convictions and have low IQ's?Show the full question

  30. Question 24 · White-collar and corporate crime · 1 mark

    Which combination is identified as the external causative factors for corporate crime: pressure, opportunity and predisposition; pressure, personality factors and opportunity; opportunity, pressure and poor business ethics; or opportunity, personality factors and predisposition?Show the full question

  31. Question 25 · Conservation and environmental crime · 1 mark

    According to Swanepoel (1998:214), which three categories of traders were identified in the illegal trade of rhino horn: runners, traders and skeezers; runners, traders and poachers; runners, poachers and wholesalers; or runners, wholesalers and smugglers?Show the full question